Thierno Souleymane Baal : les « Lumières africaines » au cœur du 250ᵉ anniversaire de la Révolution du Fouta Toro
Senegal is preparing to commemorate a major historical event: the 250th anniversary of the Fouta Toro Revolution. This significant 18th-century political and social transition, of which Thierno Souleymane Baal remains the most emblematic intellectual figure, is now being brought back into the spotlight by a steering committee determined to rehabilitate this legacy. The event, which will span the entire year of 2026, is resolutely pan-African, mobilizing the diaspora and several neighboring countries such as Mali, Guinea, and Mauritania.
To inscribe the legacy of Thierno Souleymane Baal in the public space
Among the announced highlights is the unveiling of commemorative stelae dedicated to the leading figures of this revolution. Excerpts from the political and moral thought of Thierno Souleymane Baal, engraved in basalt stone, will recall his unwavering commitment to freedom and human dignity. These monuments aim to permanently inscribe this African intellectual heritage in the public sphere, making it accessible to pupils, students, and researchers.
An African revolution that foreshadowed Western models
The scientific framework of the commemoration highlights a historical reality that is often obscured: the Fouta Toro Revolution, which began between 1769 and 1776, precedes the French Revolution of 1789 and falls within the same temporality as the American independence of 1776.
The theme chosen for this jubilee, "Modern State, virtuous governance, freedom and sovereignty: legacy of a major African revolution", illustrates, according to Professor Mamadou Youri Sall, the capacity of African societies to formulate, from the 18th century onwards, advanced concepts of popular sovereignty, justice and political responsibility.
A lasting and inspiring political experience
This revolution gave birth to the Almamat of Fouta Toro, an organized state that lasted for 114 years. Founded on an elective and not dynastic system, this state saw thirty-four Almamys succeed one another, testifying to a long-standing practice of alternation and shared governance.
"This experience influenced other political models in the region and was documented by contemporary European sources, confirming its historical significance beyond the African continent," the historian explains.
Throughout 2026, international conferences, exhibitions, performances, and academic symposia will be organized to celebrate this legacy. Through this commemoration, the organizers hope to remind everyone that Africa has not only been a victim of history: it has also produced major ideas and institutions that continue to inform contemporary debates on governance and sovereignty.
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