The European transfer window, which ends Monday evening (8 p.m. everywhere and 11:59 p.m. in Spain), has been intense throughout England, while Real Madrid and Atlético have concentrated the majority of transfers in Spain and Italy has secured stars Luka Modric and Kevin De Bruyne.

England: madness to the end

The Premier League moved mountains of money again during the summer, driven by the locomotives Liverpool (Wirtz, Ekitike, Frimpong...), Arsenal (Madueke, Gyökeres, Eze), Manchester City (Aït-Nouri, Reijnders, Cherki) and Chelsea (Delap, Pedro, Garnacho).

More than three billion euros have been spent, according to the specialist website Transfermarkt, and this new record is expected to stretch further by Monday evening.

Defending champions Liverpool are in the starting blocks to sign central defender Marc Guehi, captain of Crystal Palace, and especially striker Alexander Isak, who has left for Newcastle.

With their backs to the wall, the Magpies have decided to recruit two strikers before opening the door to Isak. After the German Nick Woltemade, who arrived on Saturday, they hope to attract Jorgen Strand Larsen (Wolverhampton) or Yoane Wissa (Brentford).

Having been struggling with their goalkeepers (Onana, Bayindir) since the start of the season, Manchester United could also try to recruit Emiliano Martinez, the Argentinian world champion from Aston Villa.

Spain: Reinforcements at Real and Atlético but not at Barça

At the end of the season, Real Madrid renewed its squad and offered its new coach Xabi Alonso several recruits capable of bringing more balance to a team that sorely lacked it during the last season: young Spanish defenders Dean Huijsen and Alvaro Carreras and English full-back Trent Alexander-Arnold. The Spanish giants also broke the bank to acquire Argentinian prospect Franco Mastantuono.

Very active on the transfer market (7 recruits, nearly 175 million spent), Atlético Madrid has strengthened its squad in all sectors, with the arrivals of Spanish attacking midfielder Alex Baena, American Johnny Cardoso, Argentinian Thiago Almada, Italian striker Giacomo Raspadori, Slovakian defender David Hancko, Spanish full-back Marc Pubill and Italian full-back Matteo Ruggeri.

An eighth signing cannot be ruled out in the final hours of the transfer window, with the Spanish press reporting an agreement with Juventus for the Argentinian Nico Gonzalez.

Barça, still in the red financially, was much less spendthrift but made two major reinforcements, with the signing of Catalan goalkeeper Joan Garcia and the loan with an option to buy of Manchester United striker Marcus Rashford. The latest suspense concerns midfielder Fermin Lopez, courted by Chelsea.

Germany: Bayern's attack lightened

Bayern only compensated for the departures in their attacking line-up of Thomas Müller (Vancouver), Leroy Sané (Galatasaray), Kingsley Coman (Al-Nassr) and Mathys Tel (Tottenham) with the arrival of Luis Diaz from Liverpool.*

The Munich club attempted to strengthen its squad with Chelsea's Senegalese Nicolas Jackson on a season-long loan, but the London club, which had given the green light for the move, withdrew its agreement, a reversal that came on Saturday after the injury to its striker Liam Delap.

The player and his entourage are still in Munich and hoping for a positive outcome. Eintracht Frankfurt have successfully absorbed the departures of Hugo Ekitiké to Jonathan Burkardt and Kevin Trapp to Michael Zetterer, while Leverkusen are in the midst of a rebuild after losing half of their 2024 championship-winning starting XI and their coach Erik ten Hag on Monday after two matches.

Italy: AC Milan and Naples in force

Serie A has, somewhat surprisingly, welcomed two big names in European football back into the fold: after winning everything with Real Madrid, Luka Modric, almost 40, has joined AC Milan, while Kevin De Bruyne, whose contract with Manchester City, where he has won numerous titles, has chosen Naples.

These two clubs have been particularly active this summer, exceeding €148 million for Milan, in search of a buyout after its disastrous 2024/25 season, and €107 million for the Italian champions. And it's not over yet. The Lombard club will finalize the arrival of Adrien Rabiot on Monday, having split with OM (€10 million), while Napoli, which recovered €75 million by selling Victor Osimhen to Galatasaray, will spend a good portion of it on Manchester United's Danish striker Rasmus Hojlund.