In recent years, several countries in the Sahel region have undertaken a readjustment of their security policies, marked by a break with former colonial powers and traditional allies such as France and the United States. This shift is leading to a rapprochement with Eastern European countries, such as Russia and China.

This is the conclusion reached in the report by the West African Centre for Public Policy Analysis (COAPP) published last week.

According to the report, this policy has led to the closure of several French military bases in countries such as Mali and, more recently, Niger, due to rising tensions between these countries and their former Western allies. It indicates that France's withdrawal, which had maintained a significant military presence in the region to combat terrorism, marks a turning point in these countries' international relations.

The role of Russia and the Wagner Group

According to the report's experts, this rapprochement with Russia and its allies was seen as an alternative to Western influence, particularly because of promises of military and economic support.

Russia's increasing involvement, particularly through the Wagner Group, a private militia associated with the Kremlin, has provoked mixed reactions.

The document highlights that for some analysts, this collaboration is a way to obtain direct military support to fight against terrorist groups that are destabilizing the region, but others are concerned about the true intentions of these new partners and the long-term consequences of their involvement in Africa.

For COAPP, the results of this strategic shift are mixed. "While the presence of Russia and the Wagner Group has certainly provided military support, their interventions have not necessarily resolved the ongoing conflicts."

Experts are calling for a thorough analysis of "the long-term effects of this policy on the security and sovereignty of the countries concerned".

According to the document, the shift towards Russia in the security policy of Sahel countries illustrates a "complex phenomenon of redefining international alliances." While collaboration with Russia and the Wagner Group may offer "an immediate response to security challenges," it also raises "questions about the sustainability of this relationship and its implications for regional stability."

The report concludes that "a thorough examination of Russia's role in these conflicts is essential to understanding the geopolitical implications of this development."