Energy independence is not merely a geopolitical or industrial imperative. It directly impacts the budgetary trajectory of a country like Senegal, whose external energy bill weighs heavily on its trade balance and public finances. Every rise in oil or gas prices translates into immediate pressure on external accounts, subsidies, and ultimately, purchasing power.

Senegal remains structurally a net importer of refined petroleum products. Before the start of offshore oil and gas projects, the energy bill amounted to several hundred billion CFA francs annually and constituted one of the country's main import categories. This dependence increases vulnerability to international cycles. When global prices soar, the government is often forced to subsidize domestic electricity and fuel prices to avoid social unrest, thereby increasing public spending.

The ramp-up of gas projects like Sangomar and Grand Tortue Ahmeyim opens up new possibilities. Domestic production can help reduce fuel imports, secure electricity supplies, and stabilize production costs. However, self-sufficiency does not mean total independence. Infrastructure, local processing, and international contracts remain crucial for capturing a significant share of the added value.

The budgetary challenge is clearly evident in the electricity sector. Domestic electricity production still relies in part on imported inputs. Developing renewable energies, particularly solar and wind power, reduces exposure to fluctuations in oil markets. Senegal has already increased the share of renewables to approximately 30% of installed capacity in recent years, which helps to limit variable production costs. However, these investments require significant financing and robust contractual frameworks to avoid costly long-term commitments.

Energy independence also requires rigorous management of hydrocarbon revenues. The experience of several producing countries shows that price volatility can destabilize public finances if revenues are not governed by clear budgetary rules. The establishment of stabilization funds, the prioritization of productive investments, and the control of energy subsidies are essential for the sustainable transformation of this new source of revenue into sustainable growth.

Ultimately, reducing energy dependence represents both a strategic lever and a complex budgetary undertaking. Energy sovereignty is not measured solely by national production, but by the ability to transform this production into macroeconomic stability, industrial competitiveness, and a sustainable balance of public finances.